![]() Other factors include increased exposure to environmental toxins that can damage the genetic structure of an individual, thereby increasing genetic susceptibility ( Figure 1). ![]() In addition, as our immune systems co-evolve with many types of pathogens, a lack of these pathogens within urban and developed areas can cause over-reactivity of the immune system. Some researchers believe in the biome depletion theory, which states that an overreaction of maternal immune response is an underlying factor responsible for the development of ASD in children. The rise in the prevalence of ASDs is a result of many contributing factors. In Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, the prevalence of ASD was reported to range from 1.4–29 in 10,000 individuals. A study conducted in 2006 in the United Kingdom reported an ASD prevalence of 38.9/10,000 in 9 to 10-year-olds, while another study conducted by the National Autistic Society (2014) reported that 1/100 children are affected with ASD. Based on a parent survey, the recent prevalence of ASD in the U.S. The prevalence of autism is on the rise and the global prevalence of ASD has been reported to be 1 in 160 persons, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) (2014). The impairment of speech in affected individuals depends on the severity of the autism disorder as autistic individuals tend to repeat certain words or phrases they hear others say, their speech might sound more formal and they exhibit repetitive behaviors. Individuals with autism have impaired speech and tend to have limited social interaction mostly due to their own limitation of social skills and due to their failure to understand self-inner mental states. Most common psychiatric comorbidities found to be associated with autism include anxiety and intellectual disability. The current emphasis on autism spectrum disorders has generated new opportunities in the field of neuroscience, and further advancements in the identification of different biomarkers, risk genes, and genetic pathways can help in the early diagnosis and development of new clinical and pharmacological treatments for ASD.Īutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurological disorder that affects an individual’s development by impairing social interaction and communication and causes stereotypical behaviors that disrupt the anatomy and functional connectivity in the brain. This review highlights the role of ASD risk genes in gene transcription and translation regulation processes, as well as neuronal activity modulation, synaptic plasticity, disrupted key biological signaling pathways, and the novel candidate genes that play a significant role in the pathophysiology of ASD. ![]() Identification of ASD risk genes helps to unravel various genetic variants and signaling pathways which are involved in ASD. The considerable significance of the genetics associated with autism has led to the identification of many risk genes for ASD used for the probing of ASD specificity and shared cognitive features over the past few decades. ![]() Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a genetic heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by impairments in social interaction and speech development and is accompanied by stereotypical behaviors such as body rocking, hand flapping, spinning objects, sniffing and restricted behaviors. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |